Перевод: с английского на французский

с французского на английский

without the definite article

  • 1 French departments

    The names of French departments usually have the definite article, except when used after the preposition en.
    In, to and from somewhere
    For in and to, use dans le or dans les for masculine and plural names of departments:
    to live in the Loiret
    = vivre dans le Loiret
    to go to the Loiret
    = aller dans le Loiret
    to live in the Landes
    = vivre dans les Landes
    to go to the Landes
    = aller dans les Landes
    to live in the Loir-et-Cher
    = vivre dans le Loir-et-Cher
    to go to the Loir-et-Cher
    = aller dans le Loir-et-Cher
    For in and to, use en for feminine names of departments:
    to live in Savoy
    = vivre en Savoie
    to go to Savoy
    = aller en Savoie
    to live in Seine-et-Marne
    = vivre en Seine-et-Marne
    to go to Seine-et-Marne
    = aller en Seine-et-Marne
    For from, use du (or de l’ before a vowel) for masculine and des for plural names of departments:
    to come from the Loiret
    = venir du Loiret
    to come from the Landes
    = venir des Landes
    to come from the Loir-et-Cher
    = venir du Loir-et-Cher
    For from, use de without the definite article for feminine names of departments:
    to come from Savoy
    = venir de Savoie
    to come from Seine-et-Marne
    = venir de Seine-et-Marne
    Uses with nouns
    Use de with the definite article in most cases:
    a Cantal accent
    = un accent du Cantal
    the Var area
    = la région du Var
    the Creuse countryside
    = les paysages de la Creuse
    Loiret people
    = les gens du Loiret
    Yonne representatives
    = les représentants de l’Yonne
    Landes restaurants
    = les restaurants des Landes
    the Calvados team
    = l’équipe du Calvados
    Ardennes towns
    = les villes des Ardennes
    Seine-et-Marne hotels
    = les hôtels de Seine-et-Marne
    Some cases are undecided:
    Savoy roads
    = les routes de Savoie or de la Savoie

    Big English-French dictionary > French departments

  • 2 French provinces and regions

    Both traditional pre-Revolution regions and modern administrative regions usually take the definite article as in l’Alsace, la Champagne etc.:
    I like Alsace
    = j’aime l’Alsace
    Champagne is beautiful
    = la Champagne est belle
    For names which have a compound form, such as Midi-Pyrénées or Rhône-Alpes, it is safer to include the words la région:
    do you know Midi-Pyrénées?
    = connaissez-vous la région Midi-Pyrénées?
    In, to and from somewhere
    There are certain general principles regarding names of French provinces and regions. However, usage is sometimes uncertain ; doubtful items should be checked in the dictionary.
    For in and to, with feminine names and with masculine ones beginning with a vowel, use en without the definite article:
    to live in Burgundy
    = vivre en Bourgogne
    to go to Burgundy
    = aller en Bourgogne
    to live in Anjou
    = vivre en Anjou
    to go to Anjou
    = aller en Anjou
    For in and to with masculine names beginning with a consonant, use dans le:
    to live in the Berry
    = vivre dans le Berry
    to go to the Berry
    = aller dans le Berry
    For from with feminine names and with masculine ones beginning with a vowel, use de without the definite article:
    to come from Burgundy
    = venir de Bourgogne
    to come from Anjou
    = venir d’Anjou
    For from with masculine names beginning with a consonant, use du:
    to come from the Berry
    = venir du Berry
    Regional adjectives
    Related adjectives and nouns exist for most of the names of provinces and regions. Here is a list of the commonest:
    an Alsace accent
    = un accent alsacien
    Alsace costume
    = le costume alsacien
    the Alsace countryside
    = les paysages alsaciens
    Alsace traditions
    = les traditions alsaciennes
    Alsace villages
    = les villages alsaciens
    These words can also be used as nouns, meaning a person from X ; in this case they are written with a capital letter:
    a person from Alsace
    = un Alsacien
    an Alsace woman
    = une Alsacienne
    the people of Alsace
    = les Alsaciens mpl

    Big English-French dictionary > French provinces and regions

  • 3 Games and sports

    With or without the definite article?
    French normally uses the definite article with names of games and sports:
    football
    = le football
    bridge
    = le bridge
    chess
    = les échecs mpl
    marbles
    = les billes fpl
    cops and robbers
    = les gendarmes et les voleurs
    to play football
    = jouer au football
    to play bridge
    = jouer au bridge
    to play chess
    = jouer aux échecs
    to play marbles or at marbles
    = jouer aux billes
    to play cops and robbers or at cops and robbers
    = jouer aux gendarmes et aux voleurs
    to like football
    = aimer le football
    to like chess
    = aimer les échecs
    But most compound nouns (e.g. saute-mouton, colin-maillard, pigeon vole) work like this:
    hide-and-seek
    = cache-cache m
    to play at hide-and-seek
    = jouer à cache-cache
    to like hide-and-seek
    = aimer jouer à cache-cache
    Names of other ‘official’ games and sports follow the same pattern as bridge in the following phrases:
    to play bridge with X against Y
    = jouer au bridge avec X contre Y
    to beat sb at bridge
    = battre qn au bridge
    to win at bridge
    = gagner au bridge
    to lose at bridge
    = perdre au bridge
    she’s good at bridge
    = elle joue bien au bridge
    a bridge club
    = un club de bridge
    Players and events
    a bridge player
    = un joueur de bridge
    but
    I’m not a bridge player
    = je ne joue pas au bridge
    he’s a good bridge player
    = il joue bien au bridge
    a game of bridge
    = une partie de bridge
    a bridge champion
    = un champion de bridge
    the French bridge champion
    = le champion de France de bridge
    a bridge championship
    = un championnat de bridge
    to win the French championship
    = gagner le championnat de France
    the rules of bridge
    = les règles du bridge
    Playing cards
    The names of the four suits work like club here:
    clubs
    = les trèfles mpl
    to play a club
    = jouer un trèfle
    a high/low club
    = un gros/petit trèfle
    the eight of clubs
    = le huit de trèfle
    the ace of clubs
    = l’as de trèfle
    I’ve no clubs left
    = je n’ai plus de trèfle
    have you any clubs?
    = as-tu du trèfle?
    clubs are trumps
    = l’atout est trèfle
    to call two clubs
    = demander deux trèfles
    Other games’ vocabulary can be found in the dictionary at match, game, set, trick etc.

    Big English-French dictionary > Games and sports

  • 4 Islands

    In French, some names of islands always have the definite article and some never do.
    Island names with definite article
    Corsica
    = la Corse
    in Corsica
    = en Corse
    to Corsica
    = en Corse
    from Corsica
    = de Corse
    Note that where the English has the definite article, French normally has as well:
    the Balearics
    = les Baléares fpl
    in the Balearics
    = aux Baléares
    to the Balearics
    = aux Baléares
    from the Balearics
    = des Baléares
    Islands without definite article
    As in English, most island names have no definite article ; these work like names of towns ⇒ Towns and cities:
    Cyprus
    = Chypre
    in Cyprus
    = à Chypre
    to Cyprus
    = à Chypre
    from Cyprus
    = de Chypre
    Cyprus sherry
    = le sherry de Chypre
    English uses on with the names of small islands ; there is no such distinction in French:
    on St. Helena
    = à Sainte-Hélène
    on Naxos
    = à Naxos
    As with names of cities and towns, it is safest to avoid explicit genders ; use l’île d… instead:
    Cuba is beautiful
    = l’île de Cuba est belle
    Names with or without île in them
    English and French tend to work the same way in this respect:
    Guernsey
    = Guernesey
    the island of Guernsey
    = l’île de Guernesey
    the Balearics
    = les Baléares
    the Balearic Islands
    = les îles Baléares
    the Orkney Isles
    = les îles Orcades
    Exceptions
    There are some exceptions to these rules, e.g. Fiji, Samoa, Jamaica. If in doubt, look up island name in the dictionary.

    Big English-French dictionary > Islands

  • 5 Seasons

    French never uses capital letters for names of seasons as English sometimes does.
    spring
    = le printemps
    summer
    = l’été m
    autumn or fall
    = l’automne m
    winter
    = l’hiver m
    in spring
    = au printemps
    in summer
    = en été
    in autumn or fall
    = en automne
    in winter
    = en hiver
    In the following examples, summer and été are used as models for all the season names. French normally uses the definite article, whether or not English does.
    I like summer or I like the summer
    = j’aime l’été
    during the summer
    = pendant l’été or au cours de l’été
    in early summer
    = au début de l’été
    in late summer
    = à la fin de l’été
    for the whole summer
    = pendant tout l’été
    throughout the summer
    = tout au long de l’été
    last summer
    = l’été dernier
    next summer
    = l’été prochain
    the summer before last
    = il y a deux ans en été
    the summer after next
    = dans deux ans en été
    However, words like chaque, ce etc. may replace the definite article:
    every summer
    = tous les ans en été
    this summer
    = cet été
    There is never any article when en is used:
    in summer
    = en été
    until summer
    = jusqu’en été
    Seasons used as adjectives with other nouns
    De alone, without article, is the usual form, e.g.
    summer clothes
    = des vêtements d’été
    the summer collection
    = la collection d’été
    the summer sales
    = les soldes d’été
    a summer day
    = une journée d’été
    a summer evening
    = un soir d’été
    a summer landscape
    = un paysage d’été
    summer weather
    = un temps d’été

    Big English-French dictionary > Seasons

  • 6 Date

    Where English has several ways of writing dates, such as May 10, 10 May, 10th May etc. French has only one generally accepted way: le 10 mai, ( say le dix mai). However, as in English, dates in French may be written informally: 10.5.68 or 31/7/65 etc.
    The general pattern in French is:
    le cardinal number month year
    le 10 mai 1901
    But if the date is the first of the month, use premier, abbreviated as 1er:
    May 1st 1901
    = le 1er mai 1901
    Note that French does not use capital letters for months, or for days of the week ⇒ The months of the year and ⇒ The days of the week ; also French does not usually abbreviate the names of the months:
    Sept 10
    = le 10 septembre etc.
    If the day of the week is included, put it after the le:
    Monday, May 1st 1901
    = le lundi 1er mai 1901
    Monday the 25th
    = lundi 25 ( say lundi vingt-cinq)
    Saying and writing dates
    what’s the date?
    = quel jour sommes-nous?
    it’s the tenth
    = nous sommes le dix or (less formally) on est le dix
    it’s the tenth of May
    = nous sommes le dix mai or (less formally) on est le dix mai
    * (i) There are two ways of saying hundreds and thousands in dates:
    1968
    = mille neuf cent soixante-huit or dix-neuf cent soixante-huit
    (ii) The spelling mil is used in legal French, otherwise mille is used in dates, except when a round number of thousands is involved, in which case the words l’an are added:
    1900
    = mille neuf cents
    2000
    = l’an deux mille
    † French prefers Roman numerals for centuries:
    the 16th century
    = le XVIe
    Saying on
    French uses only the definite article, without any word for on:
    it happened on 6th March
    = c’est arrivé le 6 mars ( say le six mars)
    he came on the 21st
    = il est arrivé le 21 ( say le vingt et un)
    see you on the 6th
    = on se voit le 6 ( say le six)
    on the 2nd of every month
    = le 2 de chaque mois ( say le deux...)
    he’ll be here on the 3rd
    = il sera là le 3 ( say le trois)
    Saying in
    French normally uses en for years but prefers en l’an for out-of-the-ordinary dates:
    in 1968
    = en 1968 ( say en mille neuf cent soixante-huit or en dix-neuf cent…)
    in 1896
    = en 1896 ( say en mille huit cent quatre-vingt-seize or en dix-huit cent…)
    in the year 2000
    = en l’an deux mille
    in AD 27
    = en l’an 27 ( say l’an vingt-sept) de notre ère
    in 132 BC
    = en l’an 132 ( say l’an cent trente-deux) avant Jésus-Christ
    With names of months, in is translated by en or au mois de:
    in May 1970
    = en mai mille neuf cent soixante-dix or au mois de mai mille neuf cent soixante-dix
    With centuries, French uses au:
    in the seventeenth century
    = au dix-septième siècle
    The word siècle is often omitted in colloquial French:
    in the eighteenth century
    = au dix-huitième siècle or (less formally) au dix-huitième
    Note also:
    in the early 12th century
    = au début du XIIe siècle ( say du douzième siècle)
    in the late 14th century
    = à or vers la fin du XIVe siècle ( say du quatorzième siècle)
    Phrases
    Remember that the date in French always has the definite article, so, in combined forms, au and du are required:
    from the 10th onwards
    = à partir du 10 ( say du dix)
    stay until the 14th
    = reste jusqu’au 14 ( say au quatorze)
    from 21st to 30th May
    = du 21 au 30 mai ( say du vingt et un au trente mai)
    around 16th May
    = le 16 mai environ/vers le 16 mai ( say le seize mai) or aux environs du seize mai ( say du seize mai)
    not until 1999
    = pas avant 1999 ( say mille neuf cent quatre-vingt-dix-neuf)
    Shakespeare (1564-1616)
    = Shakespeare (1564-1616) ( say Shakespeare, quinze cent soixante-quatre-seize cent seize)
    Shakespeare b. 1564 d.1616
    = Shakespeare, né en 1564, mort en 1616 ( say Shakespeare, né en quinze cent soixante-quatre, mort en seize cent seize).
    Note that French has no abbreviations for né and mort.
    in May ’45
    = en mai 45 ( say en mai quarante-cinq)
    in the 1980s
    = dans les années 80 ( say dans les années quatre-vingts)
    in the early sixties
    = au début des années 60 ( say des années soixante)
    in the late seventies
    = à la fin des années 70 ( say des années soixante-dix)
    the riots of ’68
    = les émeutes de 68 ( say de soixante-huit)
    the 14-18 war
    = la guerre de 14 or de 14-18 ( say de quatorze or de quatorze-dix-huit)
    the 1912 uprising
    = le soulèvement de 1912 ( say de mille neuf cent douze)

    Big English-French dictionary > Date

  • 7 Numbers

    0 zéro*
    1 un†
    2 deux
    3 trois
    4 quatre
    5 cinq
    6 six
    7 sept
    8 huit
    9 neuf
    10 dix
    11 onze
    12 douze
    13 treize
    14 quatorze
    15 quinze
    16 seize
    17 dix-sept
    18 dix-huit
    19 dix-neuf
    20 vingt
    21 vingt et un
    22 vingt-deux
    30 trente
    31 trente et un
    32 trente-deux
    40 quarante
    50 cinquante
    60 soixante
    70 soixante-dix
    septante (in Belgium, Canada, Switzerland etc.)
    71 soixante et onze
    septante et un ( etc)
    72 soixante-douze
    73 soixante-treize
    74 soixante-quatorze
    75 soixante-quinze
    76 soixante-seize
    77 soixante-dix-sept
    78 soixante-dix-nuit
    79 soixante-dix-neuf
    80 quatre-vingts‡
    81 quatre-vingt-un§
    82 quatre-vingt-deux
    90 quatre-vingt-dix ; nonante (in Belgium, Canada, Switzerland, etc)
    91 quatre-vingt-onze ; nonante et un
    92 quatre-vingt-douze ; nonante-deux ( etc.)
    99 quatre-vingt-dix-neuf
    100 cent
    101 cent un†
    102 cent deux
    110 cent dix
    111 cent onze
    112 cent douze
    187 cent quatre-vingt-sept
    200 deux cents
    250 deux cent|| cinquante
    300 trois cents
    1000 || mille
    1001 mille un†
    1002 mille deux
    1020 mille vingt
    1200 mille** deux cents
    2000 deux mille††
    10000 dix mille
    10200 dix mille deux cents
    100000 cent mille
    102000 cent deux mille
    1000000 un million‡‡
    1264932 un million deux cent soixante-quatre mille neuf cent trente-deux
    1000000000 un milliard‡‡
    1000000000000 un billion‡‡
    * In English 0 may be called nought, zero or even nothing ; French is always zéro ; a nought = un zéro.
    † Note that one is une in French when it agrees with a feminine noun, so un crayon but une table, une des tables, vingt et une tables, combien de tables? - il y en a une seule etc.
    ‡ Also huitante in Switzerland. Note that when 80 is used as a page number it has no s, e.g. page eighty = page quatre-vingt.
    § Note that vingt has no s when it is in the middle of a number. The only exception to this rule is when quatre-vingts is followed by millions, milliards or billions, e.g. quatre-vingts millions, quatre-vingts billions etc.
    Note that cent does not take an s when it is in the middle of a number. The only exception to this rule is when it is followed by millions, milliards or billions, e.g. trois cents millions, six cents billions etc. It has a normal plural when it modifies other nouns, e.g. 200 inhabitants = deux cents habitants.
    || Note that figures in French are set out differently ; where English would have a comma, French has simply a space. It is also possible in French to use a full stop (period) here, e.g. 1.000. French, like English, writes dates without any separation between thousands and hundreds, e.g. in 1995 = en 1995.
    ** When such a figure refers to a date, the spelling mil is preferred to mille, i.e. en 1200 = en mil deux cents. Note however the exceptions: when the year is a round number of thousands, the spelling is always mille, so en l’an mille, en l’an deux mille etc.
    †† Mille is invariable ; it never takes an s.
    ‡‡ Note that the French words million, milliard and billion are nouns, and when written out in full they take de before another noun, e.g. a million inhabitants is un million d’habitants, a billion francs is un billion de francs. However, when written in figures, 1,000,000 inhabitants is 1000000 habitants, but is still spoken as un million d’habitants. When million etc. is part of a complex number, de is not used before the nouns, e.g. 6,000,210 people = six millions deux cent dix personnes.
    Use of en
    Note the use of en in the following examples:
    there are six
    = il y en a six
    I’ve got a hundred
    = j’en ai cent
    En must be used when the thing you are talking about is not expressed (the French says literally there of them are six, I of them have a hundred etc.). However, en is not needed when the object is specified:
    there are six apples
    = il y a six pommes
    Approximate numbers
    When you want to say about…, remember the French ending -aine:
    about ten
    = une dizaine
    about ten books
    = une dizaine de livres
    about fifteen
    = une quinzaine
    about fifteen people
    = une quinzaine de personnes
    about twenty
    = une vingtaine
    about twenty hours
    = une vingtaine d’heures
    Similarly une trentaine, une quarantaine, une cinquantaine, une soixantaine and une centaine ( and une douzaine means a dozen). For other numbers, use environ (about):
    about thirty-five
    = environ trente-cinq
    about thirty-five francs
    = environ trente-cinq francs
    about four thousand
    = environ quatre mille
    about four thousand pages
    = environ quatre mille pages
    Environ can be used with any number: environ dix, environ quinze etc. are as good as une dizaine, une quinzaine etc.
    Note the use of centaines and milliers to express approximate quantities:
    hundreds of books
    = des centaines de livres
    I’ve got hundreds
    = j’en ai des centaines
    hundreds and hundreds of fish
    = des centaines et des centaines de poissons
    I’ve got thousands
    = j’en ai des milliers
    thousands of books
    = des milliers de livres
    thousands and thousands
    = des milliers et des milliers
    millions and millions
    = des millions et des millions
    Phrases
    numbers up to ten
    = les nombres jusqu’à dix
    to count up to ten
    = compter jusqu’à dix
    almost ten
    = presque dix
    less than ten
    = moins de dix
    more than ten
    = plus de dix
    all ten of them
    = tous les dix
    all ten boys
    = les dix garçons
    Note the French word order:
    my last ten pounds
    = mes dix dernières livres
    the next twelve weeks
    = les douze prochaines semaines
    the other two
    = les deux autres
    the last four
    = les quatre derniers
    Calculations in French
    Note that French uses a comma where English has a decimal point.
    0,25 zéro virgule vingt-cinq
    0,05 zéro virgule zéro cinq
    0,75 zéro virgule soixante-quinze
    3,45 trois virgule quarante-cinq
    8,195 huit virgule cent quatre-vingt-quinze
    9,1567 neuf virgule quinze cent soixante-sept
    or neuf virgule mille cinq cent soixante-sept
    9,3456 neuf virgule trois mille quatre cent cinquante-six
    Percentages in French
    25% vingt-cinq pour cent
    50% cinquante pour cent
    100% cent pour cent
    200% deux cents pour cent
    365% troix cent soixante-cinq pour cent
    4,25% quatre virgule vingt-cinq pour cent
    Fractions in French
    Ordinal numbers in French§
    1st 1er‡ premier ( feminine première)
    2nd 2e second or deuxième
    3rd 3e troisième
    4th 4e quatrième
    5th 5e cinquième
    6th 6e sixième
    7th 7e septième
    8th 8e huitième
    9th 9e neuvième
    10th 10e dixième
    11th 11e onzième
    12th 12e douzième
    13th 13e treizième
    14th 14e quatorzième
    15th 15e quinzième
    16th 16e seizième
    17th 17e dix-septième
    18th 18e dix-huitième
    19th 19e dix-neuvième
    20th 20e vingtième
    21st 21e vingt et unième
    22nd 22e vingt-deuxième
    23rd 23e vingt-troisième
    24th 24e vingt-quatrième
    25th 25e vingt-cinquième
    30th 30e trentième
    31st 31e trente et unième
    40th 40e quarantième
    50th 50e cinquantième
    60th 60e soixantième
    70th 70e soixante-dixième or septantième (in Belgium, Canada, Switzerland etc.)
    71st 71e soixante et onzième or septante et unième (etc.)
    72nd 72e soixante-douzième
    73rd 73e soixante-treizième
    74th 74e soixante-quatorzième
    75th 75e soixante-quinzième
    76th 76e soixante-seizième
    77th 77e soixante-dix-septième
    78th 78e soixante-dix-huitième
    79th 79e soixante-dix-neuvième
    80th 80e quatre-vingtième¶
    81st 81e quatre-vingt-unième
    90th 90e quatre-vingt-dixième or nonantième (in Belgium, Canada, Switzerland etc.)
    91st 91e quatre-vingt-onzième, or nonante et unième (etc.)
    99th 99e quatre-vingt-dix-neuvième
    100th 100e centième
    101st 101e cent et unième
    102nd 102e cent-deuxième
    196th 196e cent quatre-vingt-seizième
    200th 200e deux centième
    300th 300e trois centième
    400th 400e quatre centième
    1,000th 1000e millième
    2,000th 2000e deux millième
    1,000,000th 1000000e millionième
    Like English, French makes nouns by adding the definite article:
    the first
    = le premier (or la première, or les premiers mpl or les premières fpl)
    the second
    = le second (or la seconde etc.)
    the first three
    = les trois premiers or les trois premières
    Note the French word order in:
    the third richest country in the world
    = le troisième pays le plus riche du monde
    * Note that half, when not a fraction, is translated by the noun moitié or the adjective demi ; see the dictionary entry.
    † Note the use of les and d’entre when these fractions are used about a group of people or things: two-thirds of them = les deux tiers d’entre eux.
    ‡ This is the masculine form ; the feminine is 1re and the plural 1ers (m) or 1res (f).
    § All the ordinal numbers in French behave like ordinary adjectives and take normal plural endings where appropriate.
    Also huitantième in Switzerland.

    Big English-French dictionary > Numbers

  • 8 to

    to [tu:, tə]
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    ► When to is the second element in a phrasal verb, eg apply to, set to, look up the verb. When to is part of a set combination, eg nice to, of help to, look up the adjective or noun.
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
       a. (direction, movement) à
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    ► à + le = au, à + les = aux.
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    ► to it ( = there) y
    • I liked the exhibition, I went to it twice j'ai aimé l'exposition, j'y suis allé deux fois
       b. ( = towards) vers
       c. (home, workplace) chez
    ► to + feminine country/area en
    • to England/France en Angleterre/France
    • to Brittany/Provence en Bretagne/Provence
    • to Sicily/Crete en Sicile/Crète
    • to Louisiana/Virginia en Louisiane/Virginie
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    ► en is also used with masculine countries beginning with a vowel.
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    • to Iran/Israel en Iran/Israël
    ► to + masculine country/area au
    • to Japan/Kuwait au Japon/Koweït
    • to the Sahara/Kashmir au Sahara/Cachemire► to + plural country/group of islands aux
    • to the United States/the West Indies aux États-Unis/Antilles► to + town/island without article à
    • to London/Lyons à Londres/Lyon
    • to Cuba/Malta à Cuba/Malte
    • is this the road to Newcastle? est-ce que c'est la route de Newcastle ?
    • it is 90km to Paris ( = from here to) nous sommes à 90 km de Paris ; ( = from there to) c'est à 90 km de Paris
    • planes to Heathrow les vols mpl à destination de Heathrow► to + masculine state/region/county dans
    • to Texas/Ontario dans le Texas/l'Ontario
    • to Sussex/Yorkshire dans le Sussex/le Yorkshire
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    ► dans is also used with many départements.
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    • to the Drôme/the Var dans la Drôme/le Var
       e. ( = up to) jusqu'à
       f. ► to + person (indirect object) à
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    ► When a relative clause ends with to, a different word order is required in French.
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    ► When translating to + pronoun, look up the pronoun. The translation depends on whether it is stressed or unstressed.
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
       i. ( = concerning) that's all there is to it ( = it's easy) ce n'est pas plus difficile que ça
    • you're not going, and that's all there is to it ( = that's definite) tu n'iras pas, un point c'est tout
       j. ( = of) de
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    ► A preposition may be required with the French infinitive, depending on what precedes it: look up the verb or adjective.
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    ► The French verb may take a clause, rather than the infinitive.
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    • well, to sum up... alors, pour résumer...
    • we are writing to inform you... nous vous écrivons pour vous informer que...
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    ► to is not translated when it stands for the infinitive.
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    • he'd like me to come, but I don't want to il voudrait que je vienne mais je ne veux pas
    • yes, I'd love to oui, volontiers
    (plural to-dos)
    * * *
    1. [tə], devant une voyelle [tʊ, tuː], emphatique [tuː]

    he looked up to see... — en levant les yeux, il a vu...

    the youngest to do — le or la plus jeune à faire

    ‘did you go?’ - ‘no I promised not to’ — ‘tu y es allé?’ - ‘non j'avais promis de ne pas le faire’

    ‘are you staying? ’ - ‘I want to but...’ — ‘tu restes?’ - ‘j'aimerais bien mais...’

    it is difficult to do something — il est difficile de faire quelque chose; ( expressing wish)

    oh to be able to stay in bed! — hum ô pouvoir rester au lit!

    2.
    1) ( in direction of) à [shops, school]; ( with purpose of visiting) chez [doctor's, dentist's]; ( towards) vers
    2) ( up to) jusqu'à

    to the end/this day — jusqu'à la fin/ce jour

    to me/my daughter it's just a minor problem — pour moi/ma fille ce n'est qu'un problème mineur

    5) (in toasts, dedications) à

    to prosperity — à la prospérité; ( on tombstone)

    7) (in relationships, comparisons)
    10) ( belonging to) de

    personal assistant to the director — assistant/-e m/f du directeur

    11) ( on to) [tied] à; [pinned] à [noticeboard etc]; sur [lapel, dress]

    to his surprise/dismay — à sa grande surprise/consternation

    3. [tuː]
    adverb (colloq) ( closed) fermé
    ••

    that's all there is to it — ( it's easy) c'est aussi simple que ça; ( not for further discussion) un point c'est tout

    what a to-do! — (colloq) quelle histoire! (colloq)

    what's it to you? — (colloq) qu'est-ce que ça peut te faire?

    English-French dictionary > to

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